What Is The JLPT(Japanese Language Proficiency Test)? 5 Levels and How to Apply

If you plan to study abroad in Japan or get a job there, it is necessary to know all the requirements and conditions to allow you to begin the journey (physically and mentally). Among the piles of paperwork and getting the right mindset, Japanese skills should be on the list.  

The Japanese Language Proficiency Test (JPLT) is one of the most common tests taken by non-native speakers, and many Japanese schools and companies ask you to submit your JPLT results to enroll or apply for a job. 

In this article, we will provide you with our own JLPT guidance so you know what to prepare for the test. 

About JLPT

The Japanese-Language Proficiency Test (JLPT) is a Japanese-proficiency test offered by The Japan Foundation and Japan Educational Exchanges and Services since 1984. It aims to evaluate and certify the Japanese proficiency of non-native speakers, and the JLPT is widely recognized by many schools and companies as well as the government sector. It has always been a strong motivator for students of the Japanese language, too. In 2019, a the year before the COVID-19 hit, the number of applicants reached a record high of 1.36 million. 

Reference: The Japanese Language Proficiency Test (JPLT)

5 Levels of JLPT 

The JLPT consists of 5 levels, from N5 (easiest) to N1(hardest), to specifically measure reading and listening skills. Although it is not officially published by the test organization, another Japanese-proficiency test named Japanese Language Communication Ability Test (JLCAT) along with some popular textbooks illustrate the level comparison with CEFR (Common European Framework of Reference for Languages) for reference. 

CEFR Comparison of JLPT Levels 

Reference:日本語試験と英語試験のＣＥＦＲ軸比較表 

N1 

N1 level learners are expected to be able to read written materials with a logically complex structure like editorials and critiques in the newspaper. They also need to be capable of understanding speeches or talks provided at natural speed on various topics like news reports and lectures in detail.  

The test consists of three scoring sections: Language Knowledge (Vocabulary and Grammar), / Reading, and Listening Comprehension, each of whose scores range from 0-60 points, totaling 0-180 points. To pass the test, your score is required to be a minimum of 100 points overall with 19 points minimum in each section. The test duration is 165 minutes. 

N2 

N2 level learners need to be able to comprehend written materials like articles from newspapers and magazines about general topics. They are also expected to be able to understand everyday conversations and news reports at close to natural speed. If you plan to eventually work in Japan, N2 level is the benchmark to reach, as a majority of companies indicate this is the criteria in the job requirements. 

The test consists of three scoring sections: Language Knowledge (Vocabulary and Grammar), / Reading, and Listening Comprehension, each of whose scores range from 0-60 points, totaling 0-180 points. To pass the test, your score is required to be a minimum of 90 points overall with 19 points minimum in each section. The test duration is 155 minutes. 

N3 

N3 level learners are expected to be able to read and understand news headlines as well as written documents about daily topics. They are also expected to be able to understand daily conversations with their family and friends at close to natural speed. 

The test consists of three scoring sections: Language Knowledge (Vocabulary and Grammar), / Reading, and Listening Comprehension, each of whose scores range from 0-60 points, totaling 0-180 points. To pass the test, your score is required to be a minimum of 95 points overall with 19 points minimum in each section. The test duration is 140 minutes. 

N4 

N4 level learners are expected to be able to read and understand news headlines as well as written documents about simple daily topics. They are also expected to be able to understand daily conversations with their family and friends at close to natural speed. 

The test consists of two scoring sections: Language Knowledge (Vocabulary and Grammar with Reading included) and Listening Comprehension. You need to get a minimum of 38 points in the Language Knowledge / Reading section (ranging from 0-120 points), 19 points in the Listening section (ranging from 0-60 points), and 90 points in total (the test ranging from 0-180 points) to pass the test. The test duration is 115 minutes. 

N5 

N5 level learners need to be able to read basic, short phrases and sentences written in hiragana, katakana and basic kanji. They are also expected to be able to understand short phrases frequently used in daily conversations. 

The test consists of two scoring sections: Language Knowledge (Vocabulary and Grammar with Reading included) and Listening Comprehension. You need to get a minimum of 38 points in the Language Knowledge / Reading section (ranging from 0-120 points), 19 points in the Listening section (ranging from 0-60 points), and 80 points in total (the test ranging from 0-180 points) to pass the test. The test duration is 90 minutes. 

Reference: The Japanese Language Proficiency Test (JPLT)

How to Apply for JLPT

In Japan, you have a chance to take the JLPT twice a year (scheduled on the first Sunday of September and also December). You can apply for the test online, while the test is conducted only offline (i.e. face-to-face). The sign-up dates are usually set around four months before the test date (mid-March for the September session and mid-August for the December session). Please visit the link below to know more about the registration process. 

The Japanese-Language Proficiency Test (JLPT): The registration process

If you live outside Japan, there are locations worldwide where you can take the JLPT once or twice a year, depending on the test site. Please visit the link below to see the list of test sites and the schedule for each. 

The Japanese-Language Proficiency Test (JLPT): The list of test sites and the schedule

Summary 

Today we have run through what the Japanese Language Proficiency test (JLPT) is and how you can apply for the test. We wish you luck on your endeavors to in Japan! 

This media series provides a wide range of information about the Japanese language and Japanese culture for those who are interested in traveling to or living in Japan. Add us to your reading list and stay tuned!